Evidence-based clinical practice manual: Patient preparation for surgery and transfer to the operating room
Keywords:
Operating Rooms, Evidence-Based Medicine, Checklist, Anesthesia, Surgical wound infection
Abstract
Introduction: Patient preparation for surgery and transfer to the operating room are two priority processes defined within the procedures and conditions for authorization of health care services by the Ministry of Social Protection in Colombia.
Objectives: The aim of this initiative was to develop a manual of clinical management based on the evidence on patient preparation for surgery and transfer to the operating room.
Materials and methods: A process divided into four phases (conformation of the development group, systematic review of secondary literature, participatory consensus method, and preparation and writing of the final document) was performed. Each of the standardized techniques and procedures is used to develop evidence-based manuals.
Results: Evidence-based recommendations on pre-anaesthetic assessment, preoperative management of medical conditions, education and patient communication, informed consent, patient transfer to the surgical area, surgical site marking, strategies for infection prevention and checklist were performed.
Conclusion: It is expected that with the use of this manual the incidence of events that produce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgical procedures will be minimized.
References
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2. Mahajan RP. The WHO surgical checklist. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011;25:161-8.
3. Michaels RK, Makary MA, Dahab Y, Frassica FJ, Heitmiller E, Rowen LC, et al. Achieving the National Quality Forum's "Never Events": prevention of wrong site, wrong procedure, and wrong patient operations. Ann Surg. 2007;245:526-32.
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5. Andrews JC, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Pottie K, Meerpohl JJ, Coello PA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 15 going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation's direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:726-35.
6. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3 rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:401-6.
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8. Sánchez Pedraza R, Jaramillo González LE. Metodología de calificación y resumen de las opiniones dentro de consensos formales. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2009;38:777-85.
9. National confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death [Internet]. [cited 27.09.14]. Available from: http://www.ncepod.org.uk/.
10. Muckler VC, Vacchiano CA, Sanders EG, Wilson JP, Champagne MT. Focused anesthesia interview resource to improve efficiency and quality. J Perianesth Nurs. 2012;27:376-84.
11. Glance LG, Lustik SJ, Hannan EL Osler TM, Mukamel DB, Qian F, et al. The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg. 2012;255:696-702.
12. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, Thomas EJ, Polanczyk CA, Cook EF, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100:1043-9.
13. Gupta PK, Gupta H, Sundaram A, Kaushik M, Fang X, Miller WJ, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery. Circulation. 2011;124:381-7.
14. Myers J, Do D, Herbert W, Ribisl P, Froelicher VF. A nomogram to predict exercise capacity from a specific activity questionnaire and clinical data. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:591-6.
15. Myers J, Bader D, Madhavan R, Froelicher V. Validation of a specific activity questionnaire to estimate exercise tolerance in patients referred for exercise testing. Am Heart J. 2001;142:1041-6.
16. Hlatky MA, Boineau RE, Higginbotham MB, Lee KL, Mark DB, Califf RM, et al. A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:651-4.
17. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, B0tker HE, De Hert S, et al. ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesth. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;35:2383-431.
18. Smetana GW, Macpherson DS. The case against routine preoperative laboratory testing. Med Clin North Am. 2003;87:7-40.
19. Michota FA, Frost SD. The preoperativ evaluation: use the history and physical rather than routine testing. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:63-70.
20. Hepner DL. The role of testing in the preoperative evaluation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009;76 Suppl. 4:S22-7.
21. Johansson T, Fritsch G, Flamm M, Hansbauer B, Bachofner N, Mann E, et al. Effectiveness of non-cardiac preoperative testing in non-cardiac elective surgery: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110:926-39.
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23. Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008;108:812-21.
24. Proczko MA, Stepaniak PS, de Quelerij M, van der Lely FH, Smulders JF, Kaska L, et al. STOP-Bang and the effect on patient outcome and length of hospital stay when patients are not using continuous positive airway pressure. J Anesth. 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-014-1848. May 29, [Epub ahead of print].
25. Fenger-Eriksen C, Münster A-M, Grove EL. New oral anticoagulants: clinical indications, monitoring and treatment of acute bleeding complications. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58:651-9.
26. González Naranjo LA, Ramírez Gómez LA. Manejo perioperatorio de la terapia antirreumática. Iatreia. 2011;24:308-19.
27. Polachek A, Caspi D, Elkayam O. The perioperative use of biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;12:164-8.
28. Pannucci CJ, Laird S, Dimick JB, Campbell DA, Henke PK. A validated risk model to predict 90-da VTE events in postsurgical patients. Chest. 2014;145:567-73.
29. Apfelbaum JL, Caplan RA, Connis RT, Epstein BS, Nickinovich DG, Warner MA. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology. 2011;114:495-511.
30. Rincón-Valenzuela DA. Guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para la prevención de aspiración pulmonar en pacientes que requieren manejo de la vía aérea. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2011;39:277-8.
31. Tait AR, Teig MK, Voepel-Lewis T. Informed consent for anesthesia: a review of practice and strategies for optimizing the consent process. Can J Anaesth. 2014;61:832-42.
32. Ibarra P, Robledo B, Galindo M, Nino C, Rincón DA. Normas mínimas 2009 For ejercicio de la anestesiología en Colombia. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2009;37:235-53.
33. Kalkman CJ. Handover in the perioperative care process. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23:749-53.
34. Clarke JR, Johnston J, Blanco M, Martindell DP. Wrong-site surgery: can we prevent it? Adv Surg. 2008;42:13-31.
35. Anthony T, Murray BW, Sum-Ping JT, Lenkovsky F, Vornik VD, Parker BJ, et al. Evaluating an evidence-based bundle for preventing surgical site infection: a randomized trial. Arch Surg. 2011;146:263-9.
36. Murray BW, Huerta S, Dineen S, Anthony T. Surgical site infection in colorectal surgery: a review of the nonpharmacologic tools of prevention. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211:812-22.
37. Gifford C, Christelis N, Cheng A. Preventing postoperative infection: the anaesthetist's role. Contin Educ Anaesthesia, Crit Care Pain. 2011;11:151-6.
38. Mauermann WJ, Nemergut EC. The anesthesiologist's role in the prevention of surgical site infections. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:413-21.
39. Forbes SS, McLean RF. Review article: the anesthesiologist's role in the prevention of surgical site infections. Can J Anaesth. 2013;60:176-83.
40. Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70:195-283.
41. Hawn MT, Richman JS, Vick CC, Deierhoi RJ, Graham LA, Henderson WG, et al. Timing of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infection. JAMA Surg. 2013;148:649-57.
42. Zanetti G, Giardina R, Platt R. Intraoperative redosing of cefazolin and risk for surgical site infection in cardiac surgery. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:828-31.
43. Bratzler DW, Houck PM, Richards C, Steele L, Dellinger EP, Fry DE, et al. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for major surgery: baseline results from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Arch Surg. 2005;140:174-82.
44. Fonseca SNS, Kunzle SRM, Junqueira MJ, Nascimento RT, de Andrade JI, Levin AS. Implementing 1-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection. Arch Surg. 2006;141:1109-13.
45. Zmora O, Pikarsky AJ, Wexner SD. Bowel preparation for colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1537-49.
46. Jimenez JC, Wilson SE. Prophylaxis of infection for elective colorectal surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2003;4: 273-80.
47. Nichols RL, Choe EU, Weldon CB. Mechanical and antibacterial bowel preparation in colon and rectal surgery. Chemotherapy. 2005;51 Suppl. 1:115-21.
48. Mekako AI, Chetter IC, Coughlin PA, Hatfield J, McCollum PT. Randomized clinical trial of co-amoxiclav versus no antibiotic prophylaxis in varicose vein surgery. Br J Surg. 2010;97: 29-36.
49. Horosz B, Malec-Milewska M. Methods to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2014;46:96-100.
50. Sajid MS, Shakir AJ, Khatri K, Baig MK. The role of perioperative warming in surgery: a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2009;127:231-7.
51. Sessler DI. Temperature monitoring and perioperative thermoregulation. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:318-38.
52. AORN. Recommended practices for skin preparation of patients. AORN J. 2002;75:184-7.
53. Moureau N, Lamperti M, Kelly LJ, Dawson R, Elbarbary M, van Boxtel a JH, et al. Evidence-based consensus on the insertion of central venous access devices: definition of minimal requirements for training. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110:347-56.
54. Dumville JC, McFarlane E, Edwards P, Lipp A, Holmes A. Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;3:CD003949.
55. Sebastian S. Does preoperative scalp shaving result in fewer postoperative wound infections when compared with no scalp shaving? A systematic review. J Neurosci Nurs. 2012;44:149-56.
56. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control. 1999;27:97-132.
57. Weiser TG, Berry WR. Review article: perioperative checklist methodologies. Can J Anaesth. 2013;60:136-42.
58. Schleppers A, Prien T, Van Aken H. Helsinki Declaration on patient safety in anaesthesiology: putting words into practice - experience in Germany. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011;25:291-304.
2. Mahajan RP. The WHO surgical checklist. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011;25:161-8.
3. Michaels RK, Makary MA, Dahab Y, Frassica FJ, Heitmiller E, Rowen LC, et al. Achieving the National Quality Forum's "Never Events": prevention of wrong site, wrong procedure, and wrong patient operations. Ann Surg. 2007;245:526-32.
4. Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, Feder G, et al. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010;182:E839-42.
5. Andrews JC, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Pottie K, Meerpohl JJ, Coello PA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 15 going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation's direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:726-35.
6. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3 rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:401-6.
7. Card R, Sawyer M, Degnan B, Harder K, Kemper J, Marshall M, et al. Perioperative protocol. Inst Clin Syst Improv. 2014.
8. Sánchez Pedraza R, Jaramillo González LE. Metodología de calificación y resumen de las opiniones dentro de consensos formales. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2009;38:777-85.
9. National confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death [Internet]. [cited 27.09.14]. Available from: http://www.ncepod.org.uk/.
10. Muckler VC, Vacchiano CA, Sanders EG, Wilson JP, Champagne MT. Focused anesthesia interview resource to improve efficiency and quality. J Perianesth Nurs. 2012;27:376-84.
11. Glance LG, Lustik SJ, Hannan EL Osler TM, Mukamel DB, Qian F, et al. The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg. 2012;255:696-702.
12. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, Thomas EJ, Polanczyk CA, Cook EF, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100:1043-9.
13. Gupta PK, Gupta H, Sundaram A, Kaushik M, Fang X, Miller WJ, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery. Circulation. 2011;124:381-7.
14. Myers J, Do D, Herbert W, Ribisl P, Froelicher VF. A nomogram to predict exercise capacity from a specific activity questionnaire and clinical data. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:591-6.
15. Myers J, Bader D, Madhavan R, Froelicher V. Validation of a specific activity questionnaire to estimate exercise tolerance in patients referred for exercise testing. Am Heart J. 2001;142:1041-6.
16. Hlatky MA, Boineau RE, Higginbotham MB, Lee KL, Mark DB, Califf RM, et al. A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:651-4.
17. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, B0tker HE, De Hert S, et al. ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesth. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;35:2383-431.
18. Smetana GW, Macpherson DS. The case against routine preoperative laboratory testing. Med Clin North Am. 2003;87:7-40.
19. Michota FA, Frost SD. The preoperativ evaluation: use the history and physical rather than routine testing. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:63-70.
20. Hepner DL. The role of testing in the preoperative evaluation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009;76 Suppl. 4:S22-7.
21. Johansson T, Fritsch G, Flamm M, Hansbauer B, Bachofner N, Mann E, et al. Effectiveness of non-cardiac preoperative testing in non-cardiac elective surgery: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110:926-39.
22. Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, et al. ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944. Aug 1, pii: CIR.0000000000000105, [Epub ahead of print].
23. Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008;108:812-21.
24. Proczko MA, Stepaniak PS, de Quelerij M, van der Lely FH, Smulders JF, Kaska L, et al. STOP-Bang and the effect on patient outcome and length of hospital stay when patients are not using continuous positive airway pressure. J Anesth. 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-014-1848. May 29, [Epub ahead of print].
25. Fenger-Eriksen C, Münster A-M, Grove EL. New oral anticoagulants: clinical indications, monitoring and treatment of acute bleeding complications. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58:651-9.
26. González Naranjo LA, Ramírez Gómez LA. Manejo perioperatorio de la terapia antirreumática. Iatreia. 2011;24:308-19.
27. Polachek A, Caspi D, Elkayam O. The perioperative use of biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;12:164-8.
28. Pannucci CJ, Laird S, Dimick JB, Campbell DA, Henke PK. A validated risk model to predict 90-da VTE events in postsurgical patients. Chest. 2014;145:567-73.
29. Apfelbaum JL, Caplan RA, Connis RT, Epstein BS, Nickinovich DG, Warner MA. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology. 2011;114:495-511.
30. Rincón-Valenzuela DA. Guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para la prevención de aspiración pulmonar en pacientes que requieren manejo de la vía aérea. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2011;39:277-8.
31. Tait AR, Teig MK, Voepel-Lewis T. Informed consent for anesthesia: a review of practice and strategies for optimizing the consent process. Can J Anaesth. 2014;61:832-42.
32. Ibarra P, Robledo B, Galindo M, Nino C, Rincón DA. Normas mínimas 2009 For ejercicio de la anestesiología en Colombia. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2009;37:235-53.
33. Kalkman CJ. Handover in the perioperative care process. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23:749-53.
34. Clarke JR, Johnston J, Blanco M, Martindell DP. Wrong-site surgery: can we prevent it? Adv Surg. 2008;42:13-31.
35. Anthony T, Murray BW, Sum-Ping JT, Lenkovsky F, Vornik VD, Parker BJ, et al. Evaluating an evidence-based bundle for preventing surgical site infection: a randomized trial. Arch Surg. 2011;146:263-9.
36. Murray BW, Huerta S, Dineen S, Anthony T. Surgical site infection in colorectal surgery: a review of the nonpharmacologic tools of prevention. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211:812-22.
37. Gifford C, Christelis N, Cheng A. Preventing postoperative infection: the anaesthetist's role. Contin Educ Anaesthesia, Crit Care Pain. 2011;11:151-6.
38. Mauermann WJ, Nemergut EC. The anesthesiologist's role in the prevention of surgical site infections. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:413-21.
39. Forbes SS, McLean RF. Review article: the anesthesiologist's role in the prevention of surgical site infections. Can J Anaesth. 2013;60:176-83.
40. Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70:195-283.
41. Hawn MT, Richman JS, Vick CC, Deierhoi RJ, Graham LA, Henderson WG, et al. Timing of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infection. JAMA Surg. 2013;148:649-57.
42. Zanetti G, Giardina R, Platt R. Intraoperative redosing of cefazolin and risk for surgical site infection in cardiac surgery. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:828-31.
43. Bratzler DW, Houck PM, Richards C, Steele L, Dellinger EP, Fry DE, et al. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for major surgery: baseline results from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Arch Surg. 2005;140:174-82.
44. Fonseca SNS, Kunzle SRM, Junqueira MJ, Nascimento RT, de Andrade JI, Levin AS. Implementing 1-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection. Arch Surg. 2006;141:1109-13.
45. Zmora O, Pikarsky AJ, Wexner SD. Bowel preparation for colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1537-49.
46. Jimenez JC, Wilson SE. Prophylaxis of infection for elective colorectal surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2003;4: 273-80.
47. Nichols RL, Choe EU, Weldon CB. Mechanical and antibacterial bowel preparation in colon and rectal surgery. Chemotherapy. 2005;51 Suppl. 1:115-21.
48. Mekako AI, Chetter IC, Coughlin PA, Hatfield J, McCollum PT. Randomized clinical trial of co-amoxiclav versus no antibiotic prophylaxis in varicose vein surgery. Br J Surg. 2010;97: 29-36.
49. Horosz B, Malec-Milewska M. Methods to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2014;46:96-100.
50. Sajid MS, Shakir AJ, Khatri K, Baig MK. The role of perioperative warming in surgery: a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2009;127:231-7.
51. Sessler DI. Temperature monitoring and perioperative thermoregulation. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:318-38.
52. AORN. Recommended practices for skin preparation of patients. AORN J. 2002;75:184-7.
53. Moureau N, Lamperti M, Kelly LJ, Dawson R, Elbarbary M, van Boxtel a JH, et al. Evidence-based consensus on the insertion of central venous access devices: definition of minimal requirements for training. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110:347-56.
54. Dumville JC, McFarlane E, Edwards P, Lipp A, Holmes A. Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;3:CD003949.
55. Sebastian S. Does preoperative scalp shaving result in fewer postoperative wound infections when compared with no scalp shaving? A systematic review. J Neurosci Nurs. 2012;44:149-56.
56. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control. 1999;27:97-132.
57. Weiser TG, Berry WR. Review article: perioperative checklist methodologies. Can J Anaesth. 2013;60:136-42.
58. Schleppers A, Prien T, Van Aken H. Helsinki Declaration on patient safety in anaesthesiology: putting words into practice - experience in Germany. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2011;25:291-304.
How to Cite
1.
Rincón-Valenzuéla DA, Escobar B. Evidence-based clinical practice manual: Patient preparation for surgery and transfer to the operating room. Colomb. J. Anesthesiol. [Internet]. 2015 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];43(1):32-50. Available from: https://www.revcolanest.com.co/index.php/rca/article/view/470
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2015-01-01
How to Cite
1.
Rincón-Valenzuéla DA, Escobar B. Evidence-based clinical practice manual: Patient preparation for surgery and transfer to the operating room. Colomb. J. Anesthesiol. [Internet]. 2015 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];43(1):32-50. Available from: https://www.revcolanest.com.co/index.php/rca/article/view/470
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