Anesthesia for patients with traumatic brain injury
Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, Anesthesia management, Damage control, Trauma coagulopathy, Brain edema, Goal directed therapy
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a complex disease with a high social burden because of its high mortality and high rate of sequelae. Outcome after TBI is related to early management, including anesthetic management. In this article we review up to date concepts for anesthetic management of TBI patients; from pre-anesthetic evaluation to different aspects of surgical management: induction of anesthesia, airway control, mechanical ventilation, intravenous fluid management, maintenance of anesthesia during neurological and nonneurological surgery, and the treatment of brain edema, coagulopathy, electrolyte balance and temperature. We think the treatment must be directed to goals in order to offer the patient the best conditions for recovery and to avoid secondary brain injury.
References
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2. Fox CJ, Gillespie DL, Cox ED, et al. The effectiveness of a damage control resuscitation strategy for vascular injury in a combat support hospital: results of a case control study. J Trauma. 2008:S99-106, discussion S-7.
3. Arango M, Niño C, Mejia-Mantilla JH. Survey of neuroanesthesia practice patterns in Colombia. Eur J Anesth. 2006:1-2.
4. Sehdev RS, Symmons DAD, Kindl K. Ketamine for rapid sequence induction in patients with head injury in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas. 2006:37-44.
5. Davis DP, Hoyt DB, Ochs M, et al. The effect of paramedic rapid sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2003:444-53.
6. Kochanek PM, Carney N, Adelson PD, et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents - second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012:S1-82.
7. Warner KJ, Cuschieri J, Copass MK, Jurkovich GJ, Bulger EM. Emergency department ventilation effects outcome in severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2008:341-7.
8. Davis DP. Early ventilation in traumatic brain injury. Resuscitation. 2008:333-40.
9. Sharma D, Vavilala MS. Perioperative management of adult traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiol Clin. 2012:333-46.
10. Wiedermann CJ, Dunzendorfer S, Gaioni LU, Zaraca F, Joannidis M. Hyperoncotic colloids and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care. 2010:R191.
11. SS Investigators, AaNZICSCT Group, ARCB Service, et al. Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2007:874-84.
12. Alam HB, Rhee P. New developments in fluid resuscitation. Surg Clin North Am. 2007:55-72, vi.
13. Grathwohl KW, Black IH, Spinella PC, et al. Total intravenous anesthesia including ketamine versus volatile gas anesthesia for combat-related operative traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiology. 2008:44-53.
14. Diringer MN, Zazulia AR. Osmotic therapy: fact and fiction. Neurocrit Care. 2004:219-33.
15. Kamel H, Navi BB, Nakagawa K, Hemphill JC, Ko NU. Hypertonic saline versus mannitol for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care Med. 2011:554-9.
16. Genét GF, Johansson PI, Meyer MAS, Sølbeck S, Sørensen AM, Larsen CF, et al. Trauma-induced coagulopathy: standard coagulation tests, biomarkers of coagulopathy, and endothelial damage in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30:301-6.
17. Study C-CIB. Effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: a nested randomised, placebo controlled trial (CRASH-2 Intracranial Bleeding Study). BMJ. 2011;343: d3795.
18. CRASH-2 Trial Collaborators, Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376:23-32.
19. Aiyagari V, Deibert E, Diringer MN. Hypernatremia in the neurologic intensive care unit: how high is too high? J Crit Care. 2006:163-72.
20. Jeremitsky E, Omert L, Dunham CM, Protetch J, Rodriguez A. Harbingers of poor outcome the day after severe brain injury: hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion. J Trauma. 2003:312-9.
21. Nunnally ME, Jaeschke R, Bellingan GJ, et al. Targeted temperature management in critical care: a report and recommendations from five professional societies. Crit Care Med. 2010.
22. Sahuquillo J, Arikan F. Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of refractory high intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD003983.
23. Vavilala MS, Soriano SG. Anesthesia for Neurosurgery. In: Davis PJ, Cladis FP, Motoyama EK, eds. Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p. 713.
2. Fox CJ, Gillespie DL, Cox ED, et al. The effectiveness of a damage control resuscitation strategy for vascular injury in a combat support hospital: results of a case control study. J Trauma. 2008:S99-106, discussion S-7.
3. Arango M, Niño C, Mejia-Mantilla JH. Survey of neuroanesthesia practice patterns in Colombia. Eur J Anesth. 2006:1-2.
4. Sehdev RS, Symmons DAD, Kindl K. Ketamine for rapid sequence induction in patients with head injury in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas. 2006:37-44.
5. Davis DP, Hoyt DB, Ochs M, et al. The effect of paramedic rapid sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2003:444-53.
6. Kochanek PM, Carney N, Adelson PD, et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents - second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012:S1-82.
7. Warner KJ, Cuschieri J, Copass MK, Jurkovich GJ, Bulger EM. Emergency department ventilation effects outcome in severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2008:341-7.
8. Davis DP. Early ventilation in traumatic brain injury. Resuscitation. 2008:333-40.
9. Sharma D, Vavilala MS. Perioperative management of adult traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiol Clin. 2012:333-46.
10. Wiedermann CJ, Dunzendorfer S, Gaioni LU, Zaraca F, Joannidis M. Hyperoncotic colloids and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care. 2010:R191.
11. SS Investigators, AaNZICSCT Group, ARCB Service, et al. Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2007:874-84.
12. Alam HB, Rhee P. New developments in fluid resuscitation. Surg Clin North Am. 2007:55-72, vi.
13. Grathwohl KW, Black IH, Spinella PC, et al. Total intravenous anesthesia including ketamine versus volatile gas anesthesia for combat-related operative traumatic brain injury. Anesthesiology. 2008:44-53.
14. Diringer MN, Zazulia AR. Osmotic therapy: fact and fiction. Neurocrit Care. 2004:219-33.
15. Kamel H, Navi BB, Nakagawa K, Hemphill JC, Ko NU. Hypertonic saline versus mannitol for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care Med. 2011:554-9.
16. Genét GF, Johansson PI, Meyer MAS, Sølbeck S, Sørensen AM, Larsen CF, et al. Trauma-induced coagulopathy: standard coagulation tests, biomarkers of coagulopathy, and endothelial damage in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30:301-6.
17. Study C-CIB. Effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: a nested randomised, placebo controlled trial (CRASH-2 Intracranial Bleeding Study). BMJ. 2011;343: d3795.
18. CRASH-2 Trial Collaborators, Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376:23-32.
19. Aiyagari V, Deibert E, Diringer MN. Hypernatremia in the neurologic intensive care unit: how high is too high? J Crit Care. 2006:163-72.
20. Jeremitsky E, Omert L, Dunham CM, Protetch J, Rodriguez A. Harbingers of poor outcome the day after severe brain injury: hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion. J Trauma. 2003:312-9.
21. Nunnally ME, Jaeschke R, Bellingan GJ, et al. Targeted temperature management in critical care: a report and recommendations from five professional societies. Crit Care Med. 2010.
22. Sahuquillo J, Arikan F. Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of refractory high intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD003983.
23. Vavilala MS, Soriano SG. Anesthesia for Neurosurgery. In: Davis PJ, Cladis FP, Motoyama EK, eds. Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p. 713.
How to Cite
1.
Mejia Mantilla JH, González Arboleda LF. Anesthesia for patients with traumatic brain injury. Colomb. J. Anesthesiol. [Internet]. 2015 Jul. 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];43(Supplement):3-8. Available from: https://www.revcolanest.com.co/index.php/rca/article/view/708
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Published
2015-07-01
How to Cite
1.
Mejia Mantilla JH, González Arboleda LF. Anesthesia for patients with traumatic brain injury. Colomb. J. Anesthesiol. [Internet]. 2015 Jul. 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];43(Supplement):3-8. Available from: https://www.revcolanest.com.co/index.php/rca/article/view/708
Section
Narrative review
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