Phantom eye syndrome. Case report and literature review

Abstract

A frequent complication after limb amputation is the appearance of phantom limb syndrome, a phenomenon that has also been studied in the amputation of different body parts. Cases reported in relation to ophthalmologic surgery are few and evidence is limited in terms of specific management, which makes this a very important study.

We report the case of a patient diagnosed with phantom eye syndrome in the post-operative period of an orbital exenteration surgery. A comprehensive approach was taken with multimodal symptom management, including intervention treatment. Significant improvement regarding the pain was achieved; however, non-painful ghost sensations persisted.

Upon reviewing the available literature on the subject, its pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Its incidence is highly variable, as well as the symptoms’ appearance. The presence of headache and eye pain prior to surgery seem to be risk factors. Climate and psychological stress are exacerbating factors of the symptomatology. No high-quality evidence was found in terms of management guidelines, with the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants and opioids being the most recommended. Interventional management is an option according to the characteristics of the pain and associated symptoms.